Utilitarianism

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  John Stuart Mill's book Utilitarianism is a clas­sic exposition and defence of utilitarianism in ethi­cs. The essay first appeared as a series of three ar­ticles published in Fraser's Magazine in 1861 (vol. 64, p. 391-406, 525-534, 659-673); the articles were collected and reprinted as a single book in 1863. Mill's aim in the book is to explain what utilitaria­nism is, to show why it is the best theory of ethics, and to defend it against a wide range of criticisms and misunderstandings. Though heavily criticized both in Mill's lifetime and in the years since, Utili­tarianism did a great deal to popularize utilitarian ethics and has been considered the most influenti­al philosophical articulation of a liberal humanistic morality that was produced in the nineteenth century.